An officer has placed you under arrest. You have gone in front of a magistrate or judge who has informed you of the alleged criminal accusations and bail has been set. You have been charged with engaging in organized crime, but should you have been?
Under Texas Penal Code Section 71.02 Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity means:
(a) a person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a a person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a combination or as a member of a criminal street gang, the person commits or conspires to commit one or more of the following (scroll down for a list of qualifying Texas crimes).
Section 71.01 of the Texas Penal Code defines “combination” as three or more persons who collaborate in carrying on criminal activities, although: (1) participants may not know each other’s identity; (2) membership in the combination may change from time to time; and (3) participants may stand in wholesaler-retailer or other arm’s length relationship in illicit distribution operations.
“Criminal street gang” means three or more persons having a common identifying sign or symbol (i.e. tattoo) or an identifiable leadership who continuously or regularly associates in the commission of criminal activities.
If three or more persons were involved, the next important question to ask is whether there is sufficient evidence to prove at least three people “collaborated in carrying on criminal activities”. Texas law requires more than just a single incident or multiple crimes arising out of the same criminal episode to prosecute a person for engaging in organized crime. Thus, citizens accused of organized criminal activity often find they have been over-charged. Because the penalty ranges are greater, officers often see three (or more) people together and charge them with engaging. The greater the charge, the higher the bond. Further, Texas forfeiture laws allow officers to seize contraband they believe is connected to the commission of the felony (e.g. money, vehicles, etc.).money, vehicles, etc.).
The list of crimes in Texas Penal Code 71.02, includes:
murder, capital murder, arson, aggravated, robbery, burglary, theft, aggravated kidnapping, kidnapping, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, continuous sexual abuse of young child or children, solicitation of a minor, forgery, deadly conduct, assault (punishable as a Class A misdemeanor), burglary of a motor vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle;
(2) any gambling offense punishable as a Class A misdemeanor;
(3) promotion of prostitution, aggravated promotion of prostitution, or compelling prostitution;
(4) unlawful manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of firearms or prohibited weapons;
(5) unlawful manufacture, delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug, or unlawful possession of a controlled substance or dangerous drug through forgery, fraud, misrepresentation, or deception;
(5-a) the unlawful delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug in violation of Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code;
(6) any unlawful wholesale promotion or possession of any obscene material or obscene device with the intent to wholesale promote the same;
(7) any offense under Subchapter B, Chapter 43, depicting or involving conduct by or directed toward a child younger than 18 years of age;
(8 – 17) any felony offense under Chapter 32 (fraud), 36 (bribery), 34 (money laundering), 35 (insurance fraud), 35A (Medicaid fraud), 37.11(a) (impersonating a public servant), 20A (human trafficking), 37.10 (tampering with a governmental record), 38.06 (escape), 38.07 (facilitating escape), 38.09 (implementing escape), 38.11 (prohibited substance in jail or prison), 42.10 (dog fighting), 46.06(a)(1) (unlawful transfer of weapons), 46.14 (firearm smuggling), 20.05 (smuggling persons), 20.06 (continuous smuggling of persons); or Medicaid fraud), 37.11(a) (impersonating a public servant), 20A (human trafficking), 37.10 (tampering with a governmental record), 38.06 (escape), 38.07 (facilitating escape), 38.09 (implementing escape), 38.11 (prohibited substance in jail or prison), 42.10 (dog fighting), 46.06(a)(1) (unlawful transfer of weapons), 46.14 (firearm smuggling), 20.05 (smuggling persons), 20.06 (continuous smuggling of persons); or
(18) any offense classified as a felony under the Tax Code.
Punishment ranges vary depending on the severity of the underlying offense and can be punished anywhere from a state jail felony all the way up to a capital offense.
If you or someone you know has been arrested for or is being investigated for an offense associated with organized criminal activity contact our attorneys to learn why the Adamo and Adamo Law Firm is recognized across the country as an elite criminal defense team.
When someone is convicted of Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity, the penalties extend far beyond the standard punishment for the underlying offense. This charge significantly impacts the minimum prison sentence, especially if the associated crime is severe, like a First Degree Felony such as Aggravated Robbery.
In such cases, the minimum sentence elevates to 15 years. This extension makes eligibility for probation practically impossible, as the severity and extended duration of the sentence automatically disqualify the individual from being considered for probation. Essentially, the law treats these organized activity crimes with greater seriousness, reflecting the increased potential for harm and societal impact.
Sam Adamo is a seasoned legal professional with a wealth of experience in addressing organized criminal activities. He formerly led the Organized Crime Section at the Harris County District Attorney’s Office. In his role, Adamo not only handled numerous cases involving Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity, but also took on the responsibility of training both police officers and prosecutors. He educated them about the intricacies of the complex legal statutes governing these types of cases, demonstrating his deep understanding and expertise in the field.
If you or someone you know has been arrested for or is being investigated for an offense associated with organized criminal activity, contact our attorneys to learn why the Adamo and Adamo Law Firm is recognized across the country as an elite criminal defense team.
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Punishment ranges vary depending on the severity of the underlying offense and can be punished anywhere from a state jail felony all the way up to a capital offense. However, when it comes to Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity, the consequences can be particularly severe.
Minimum Sentence: The minimum prison time for this conviction is 15 years, which underscores the gravity of the crime.
Probation Ineligibility: Individuals convicted are ineligible for probation, meaning they must serve their sentence without the opportunity for early release through this avenue.
Parole Consequences: There are also serious parole implications, which can extend the impact of the conviction far beyond the prison sentence itself.
This combination of factors illustrates the serious nature of such offenses and the strict penalties that accompany them, emphasizing the importance of understanding the full scope of legal consequences.
Yes, there are significant consequences related to parole for this conviction.
No, probation is not an option for this offense.
What is the minimum prison time for the offense?
The minimum prison time for this offense is 15 years.
Thus, citizens accused of organized criminal activity often find they have been over-charged. Because the penalty ranges are greater, officers often see three (or more) people together and charge them with engaging. The greater the charge, the higher the bond.
Prosecutors are particularly keen on using this charge because it significantly increases the punishment range for the underlying crime. For example, when the underlying offense is a First Degree Felony like Aggravated Robbery, the minimum prison sentence leaps to 15 years. This escalation not only makes the individual ineligible for probation but also imposes severe parole consequences.
Charging individuals with Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity also provides a strategic advantage in the legal process. By elevating the stakes, prosecutors can apply more pressure on the accused to consider plea deals, thereby streamlining the judicial process. This tactic is favored because it enhances the prosecutorial leverage over defendants, often resulting in swifter resolutions.
In essence, the combination of heightened penalties and strategic benefits makes this charge a powerful tool for law enforcement and prosecutors alike.
Yes, a conviction for Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity brings about serious consequences related to parole, potentially affecting release conditions and timing.
Individuals charged with Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity are often ineligible for probation due to the elevated minimum sentencing requirements.
This charge can increase the minimum prison time required for the underlying crime, especially in severe cases like a First Degree Felony.
Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity is a charge that carries significant weight under Texas law, yet there is a common misconception regarding its applicability. Not all crimes can be classified under this category, and this misunderstanding extends to many prosecutors, lawyers, and police officers. It’s crucial to recognize that specific criteria must be met for a crime to be charged as such.
The Texas Penal Code 71.02 provides a comprehensive list of offenses that can be charged as Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity, including but not limited to:
Punishment ranges vary depending on the severity of the underlying offense and can be punished anywhere from a state jail felony up to a capital offense.
Understanding the specific crimes listed in the Texas Penal Code is essential, but it’s equally important to be aware that many crimes do not qualify for this charge. This awareness helps prevent the overextension of charges and ensures that legal actions align accurately with the statutory framework.
Yes, a common misconception exists. Many legal professionals, including prosecutors and police officers, may not fully understand that not all crimes meet the requirements for this charge. This misunderstanding can lead to errors in how cases are approached.
Are there limitations to which crimes can be charged as Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity?
Yes, there are limitations. Not every crime qualifies to be charged under Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity. Only certain offenses fit this category, based on specific legal criteria.
Texas law requires more than just a single incident or multiple crimes arising out of the same criminal episode to prosecute a person for engaging in organized crime. A common misconception among police officers and prosecutors is that any time three or more people commit a crime, they can all be charged with Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity. This is not the law.
Citizens accused of organized criminal activity often find they have been over-charged. Because the penalty ranges are greater, officers often see three (or more) people together and charge them with engaging.
Understanding this misconception is crucial. The law demands a more nuanced approach, recognizing that simply grouping individuals is insufficient for such charges. Therefore, it’s essential for those involved to ensure they are not unjustly penalized based on an erroneous interpretation of the law.
This misconception is often held by both police officers and prosecutors.
The common erroneous belief is that whenever three or more individuals commit a crime together, they can all be charged with Engaging in Organized Criminal Activity.
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