The Artist Formerly Known as HPD Crime Lab
From the early 2000s the Houston Police Department Crime Lab, currently known as the Houston Forensic Science Center, has exemplified scandal. It is indeed why Houston is the nation’s frontrunner in wrongful convictions and why Houston criminal defense attorneys cringe at the sight of a forensic report analyzed by the lab.
Notable lab issues since 2002:
2002: Forensic testing temporarily suspended. Over 6,000 untested rape kits discovered (this backlog persists until 2013 when the work gets outsourced for $4.4 million).
March 2003: New York times questions if the HPD Crime Lab is the worst crime lab in the country
Nov. 2003: Report on the destruction of DNA Evidence and the possibility of pardons.
December 2003: Internal investigation ends with nine HPD crime lab technicians suspended and one terminated for shoddy lab work, amongst other serious problems.
January 2004: The aforementioned terminated analyst is reinstated to previous position one month later.
May 2005: HPD receives national accreditation through Americans Society of Crime Lab Directors (ASCLD).
June 2005: A month after receiving national accreditation, it is reported HPD crime lab analysts faked drug evidence.
January 2006: Independent research and testing reveals of the 1100 reviewed samples, 40% of DNA samples, and 23% of blood evidence samples had serious errors.
October 2007: Houston Chronicle publishes allegations of HPD crime lab Employees cheating on an open-book proficiency test.
December 2007: HPD Lab analyst indicted on theft, tampering charges. Probe into 200 narcotic cases he handled.
January 2008: HPD shuts down DNA unit again.
December 2009: Irregularities and problems with HPD finger print analyses arise.
January 2010: HPD backlog problem. 300 cases in need of firearm forensics. Backlog on DNA cases continues.
July 2011: Former supervisors at HPD crime lab testify and quit over accuracy of alcohol tests.
Feb 2013: HPD crime lab tech admits to colleagues he wasn’t following protocol when tests found to be inaccurate. Investigation reveals additional lying, improper procedures, and tampering with evidence. He is not indicted by a grand jury.
2014: Nearly two dozen cases are effective after investigation reveals a Houston homicide detective was lying.
April 2014: Mayor transfers HPD Lab to a government corporation. Renames lab Houston Forensic Science Center (HFSC). 48 HPD officers employed by the lab that offices at HPD headquarters.
January 2014: Texas Forensic Science Commission issues a report finding professional negligence on the part of HFSC employees and DWI blood alcohol analysis.
February 2015: Rape-kit backlog cleared up.
May 2015: It is learned HFSC contaminated DWI blood alcohol evidence and failed to report and notify.
March 2016: Houston’s Office of Inspector General recommends the HFSC revise its policy procedures concerning quality control, following an investigation into contaminated DWI evidence.
March 2016: HFSC employee testifies analyst ignored court’s DWI discovery evidence and withheld exculpatory evidence.
April 2016: ???
In order to be admissible in court forensic evidence must not only be relevant, but reliable. The above list casts doubt on the reliability of any forensic evidence coming from the HFSC and any serious Houston criminal lawyer should proceed with caution.
Most Recent Criminal Defense Case Results (March 2016)
Felony Possession of a Controlled Substance – Dismissed.
Our client was the passenger of a vehicle that was stopped and searched. Both our client and the driver were arrested and charged with criminal possession of a controlled substance. Our attorneys got the prosecutor to agree our client did not intentionally and knowingly possess the drugs and the felony was dismissed.
Felony Possession of a Controlled Substance – Dismissed.
Our client was stopped in his vehicle. Drugs were found, however criminal charges were not presented and filed until three years later. The prosecutor agreed there was a speedy trial issue and the felony drug charges were dismissed.
Possession of Marijuana – Dismissed.
Our client was a passenger in a vehicle where marijuana was found. There were two other occupants in the vehicle, making it difficult to prove who possessed the marijuana. The case was dismissed.
Possession of Marijuana – Dismissed.
After being stopped and searched by officers, marijuana was found on our client. Our criminal defense lawyers presented caselaw supporting the unlawfulness of the stop, search, and seizure and the case was dismissed.
Trespass – Dismissed.
Our client was told to leave a local establishment and did so. Moments later, on his phone in the parking lot, he was arrested for trespass. After a few court appearances, our lawyers were able to convince the prosecutor he was attempting to leave before being arrested and the case was dismissed.
Assault Family Violence – Dismissed.
Our client was accused of assaulting her husband. After a thorough investigation by our legal team revealed this was not the first time the husband had made such a claim, calling his credibility into issue, the prosecutor agreed the case should be dismissed.
DWI – Dismissed.
A hospital blood draw yielded a 0.11. Without the necessary extrapolation facts, and without a valid forensic chemical test, we were able to get the DWI dismissed.
Help Me, Help you – How You Can Help Your Criminal Case
Walk into any criminal courtroom and you will see hundreds of flat, lifeless, 8 x 11 inch file folders. Inside you will find charging instruments, offense reports, witness statements, criminal histories, CDs, DVDs, and other evidence submitted by state agencies attempting to link persons to a crime. To many prosecutors, tirelessly shifting through mounds of paper, the accused is nothing more than a 8 X 11 inch file folder. It is the criminal defense attorney’s job, with your help, to shape that lifeless file into a living, breathing, three-dimensional human being.
So what can you do to help your criminal case? Start by:
- Hiring a qualified criminal defense attorney.
- Not committing another crime while out on bond or violating any bond conditions (e.g. dirty drug test). Few things anger courts more.
- Showing up to Court on time and in proper attire. Court staff takes note of their audience.
- Providing names of witnesses who can give their account of what actually happened on the alleged crime date. (e.g. sobriety witnesses for a DWI, family members for an assault, etc).
- Giving your lawyer proof of employment and/or school transcripts. Prosecutors and judges want to know what your current and future plans are.
- Obtaining character letters from people who know the real you. The character letter should be one page. The first paragraph should identify who the writer is, where they live, and how they are employed. The second paragraph should describe how they know you, how long they have known you, and opportunities to observe you for relevant character traits (e.g. drinking habits, honesty, etc.). The third paragraph should explain specific instances of good character. The fourth paragraph should provide the writer is aware of the criminal charges and that such behaivior is out of character. Lastly, the writer’s should include their contact information.
- Tracking down records of your medical history.
- Providing honors, awards, or achievements earned in the community. If you served and received an honorable discharge, provide your attorney with proof of such.
- Attending relevant classes (e.g. substance abuse class or AA for drug and alcohol charges, theft class for theft charges, anger management class for assault charges).
- Understanding prosecutors will look at your social media accounts, such as Facebook, twitter, linkedin, etc. Pictures of you partying aren’t going to help your DWI case.
- Emailing your lawyer a picture of you with your family (i.e. the new face for the 8 x 11 file).
With the tools above your attorney can breath life into your file and obtain the best possible result.
One Shining Moment – Are NCAA Pools Illegal in Texas?
Spring in Texas brings Southern California-like weather, crawfish, and March Madness. While collegiate athletes across the country fight for the ultimate prize, husbands, wives, employees, employers, and friends, fight for NCAA bracket bragging rights and often times cash prizes.
But are NCAA pools illegal in Texas? Possibly.
The Texas gambling statute can be found in Texas Penal Code Section 47.02 which states, in part:
(a) A person commits an offense if he:
(1) Makes a bet on the partial or final result of a game or contest or on the performance of a participant in a game or contest;
(b) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:
(1) the actor engaged in gambling in a private place;
(2) no person received any economic benefit other than personal winnings; AND
(3) except for the advantage of skill or luck, the risks of losing and the chances of winning were the same for all participants.
A NCAA pool seems to meet the elements of subsection (a)(1). However, subsection (b) does provide statutory relief if all three elements are met.
As to subsection (b)(2) it is unlikely any person is receiving or will receive any economic benefit, other than personal winnings. A “rake” is a percentage of the overall entry fees. If your buddy is taking a “rake” on the pool he organized then you need new friends.
In regard to subsection (b)(3), the excitement of March Madness is predicated upon the unknown. Hence the name, March Madness. In other words, the risks of losing and the chances of winning are the same for all participants.
Subsection (b)(1) is where the gray area lies. What is a “private place”?
Texas courts have held a poker room, tucked away in a public restaurant, surrounded by ropes and bouncers, was not a private place. However, an invite only e-mail, to a private online tournament room, could be considered a private place.
So if you received a private email to participate in a bracket pool you may have a valid defense in Texas.
Regardless, the odds of facing criminal charges for participating in a NCAA pool are slim. The odds of a jury actually convicting you are even more slim. In all likelihood the officers and jurors are NCAA pool participants as well. Such has become part of our culture.
The greater concern may be the estimated billions companies stand to lose for each unproductive work hour during the weeks of March Madness.
So while your office pool may technically be illegal, I wouldn’t lose sleep worrying if the police are going to break down your front door and haul you off.
Criminal Defense Attorney – Federal & State – Texas
Criminal Defense Trial Attorneys
Criminal Defense Trial Attorneys
Criminal Defense Trial To Watch:
Criminal Attorney – Recording the Police.
Criminal Attorney – Recording the Police, Dos and Don’ts.
Criminal Attorney – Do: Record.
In Texas you are legally allowed to record police encounters as long as you do not interfere with their work (a.k.a. interfering with public duties). Police may harass you, detain you, or try to intimidate you, but they can not arrest you for merely recording them. Recordings have exonerated many people, and often times is the only available, credible evidence.
Criminal Attorney – Don’t: Share your recording with the police.
You are not legally required to do so.
Criminal Attorney – Do: Respond politely, but firmly to police questions.
Officer: “What are you doing?” or “Stop recording, it’s against the law.”
Response: “Officer, I am exerting my 1st Amendment right to record?”
Texas, for example, is a one-party state. Meaning permission to record is only needed by one-party. You are that party.
Don’t Respond: “Making sure you are doing your job right?” or “I don’t trust you.
Criminal Attorney – Do: “Stand Back.”
If you’re approaching the scene of an investigation or an accident, police will likely order you to move back. While you do have a right to be there, you don’t want to interfere with police investigations. Keep an appropriate distance.
Criminal Attorney – Do: Understand when you have to show your I.D.
Officer: “Let me see your I.D.”
Response: “Officer, are you detaining me, or am I free to go?”
If you are being detained, I.D. yourself. If the officer does not have reasonable suspicion to believe you are involved in criminal activity, and is not detaining you, you do not have to show him identification. You can either leave or hold your ground. But…
Do: Know when to walk away.
Officer: “Shut it off or I’ll arrest you”.
At this point you are risking arrest in order to test the boundaries of free speech. If police say they’ll arrest you, believe them. It may not be a lawful arrest, but that hasn’t stopped police before.
If you keep recording, brace yourself for arrest. If you are arrested, don’t resist. As with any arrest, you have the right to remain silent until you speak with a criminal attorney. Contact your criminal attorney as soon as possible.
Do: Understand the 1st Amendment.
Officer’s may try and trick you into believing the 1st amendment -right to record – only applies to mainstream media journalist. It doesn’t.
As with many police encounters your attitude can make the difference in whether you will soon be required to post bond. Understand your rights and understand how to assert them.
Texas Criminal Defense – Police Warrants.
Texas Criminal Defense and Police at your Home:
There is no greater protection to police searches and seizures than in your home. Understanding how to exercise those protections is crucial to prevent unwanted and unnecessary intrusions.
The police are at my door, what should I do?
You have a few [good] options:
1) With the door remaining closed, ask “How can I help you ?”; or
2) Crack the door open and ask them “How can I help you?” through the door-lock opening; or
3) Don’t answer the door and they should eventually leave, unless they have a warrant.
The police may be there because they need assistance with a matter unrelated to you. Asking them “How can I help you?” will assist in learning the officer’s objective.
The police say they want to come into my house?
The short response is no. Not without a warrant. If the police say, “If you don’t let us in, we will go get a warrant”, then tell them go get a warrant. Until they show you a valid warrant, you shouldn’t allow them into your home.
The police are at my house with a warrant, do I have to let them in?
Yes. If you haven’t already, now would be a good time to call your Texas criminal defense attorneys.
Can officer’s lie to try and get information?
Yes. Legally, officers can and do lie to gain evidence. Many times officer’s do not have probable cause to arrest you. They ask questions, hoping you will gift wrap the probable cause they need. Knowing your rights will help prevent your words from getting twisted around and landing you in the back of a police car. Remember you have the right to remain silent. Request your Texas criminal defense lawyers. Be Firm.
What are some common things officer’s say to get information?
“Just cooperate with us and we will let you go.”
“If you tell us [what they want you to tell them], you will get out of here quicker.”
“We can ensure you get a good deal.”
“We have evidence that contradicts everything you just said.”
“That is not what [other person] said, tell us the truth.”
“What are you trying to hide?”
“You don’t need a lawyer, unless you are guilty.”
Can your roommate consent to a search of your home?
It depends on whether you are home or not.
If you are NOT home:
As a general rule, police can obtain consent to search from anyone with control over the property. If your roommate has a key or his name is on the lease he can give consent to a police search.
If you are home:
If your roommate consents to a search, you can object to the search and prevent the police from entering (unless they have a warrant). Simply state, “I do not give consent for you to search my home.” If the officer says he has a warrant, ask to see it. If the officer has a valid warrant, call your Texas criminal defense attorneys.
Can my landlord give consent?
Courts have held during a lawful tenancy a landlord cannot give officer’s consent to enter and search the tenant’s room.
What can I do to protect myself from a search of my room?
To maintain your expectation of privacy, keep your room locked, while maintaining control over your personal space. If your room is off-limits to roommates and friends, then it is off-limits to the police. If your room is the party room, then the police are going to treat it as such.
Texas Criminal Defense and Police at your Office:
The police are at my office, what should I do?
CALL YOUR TEXAS CRIMINAL DEFENSE ATTORNEYS.
With your Texas criminal defense lawyers on the phone ask them, “How you can help them?”
The police may be there because they need assistance with a matter unrelated to you. Asking them “How can I help you?” will assist in learning the officer’s objective.
But…
The police say they want to search my office?
The short response is no. Not without a warrant. If the police say, “If you don’t let us in, we will go get a warrant”, then tell them go get a warrant. Until they show you a valid warrant, you shouldn’t allow them into your office or allow them to search your office.
The police are at my office with a warrant, do I have to let them in?
Yes. If you haven’t already, it would be a good time to call your Texas criminal defense attorneys.
Houston DWI Attorneys
As a result of limited public transportation and endless resources allocated to arresting intoxicated drivers, Houston consistently finds itself atop DWI arrests. The best advice is to not drink alcohol or use drugs (this includes prescription drugs) and drive. However, it is not illegal to drink alcohol and drive. It is only illegal to drive while intoxicated. Understand, if you drive after having anything to drink at all an officer may note the odor of alcohol on your breath and began a DWI investigation. If you find yourself in such a situation, follow the steps below.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tips
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 1 – The officer just turned on his overhead lights, what do I do?
You should drive to the right lane as cautiously and quickly as possible, using your blinker. Continue there until you can either safely park on the shoulder or pull into a parking lot. An officer is trained to note how quickly you respond to his overhead lights, whether you use your blinker, and whether you pull over in a timely and safe manner.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 2 – I’ve pulled over, now what?
Put your car in park, turn off the engine, the radio, and put on your emergency or hazard lights. Be aware of where your driver’s license and insurance are, but don’t go digging around just yet. The officer will take note on your ability to locate your driver’s license and insurance. Unfortunately, when it comes to DWI investigations, many innocent acts may be twisted into guilty acts. For example, most people do not know where their insurance is and may have difficulty finding it whether or not they are intoxicated.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 3 – The officer immediately asked “Have you been drinking?”, what should I say?
If you have not been drinking the answer is simple. If you have been drinking, you will have an odor of alcohol on your breath. While the officer can not gauge how many drinks you had by the odor, it makes little sense to deny that you had a drink or two. If the officer is immediately asking you about alcohol, then he believes you may be DWI.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 4 – Do I have to answer the officer’s questions?
No. Remember you have the right to remain silent. You can politely ask the officer:
1) Why did you stop me?
2) Am I free to leave?
3) Am I being detained?
4) Am I under arrest?
If the officer says “You are being detained or under arrest.”, reply “I would refuse to answer any more questions or perform any tests, without my lawyer present.” Be polite, but be firm. Try to reach your Houston DWI Attorneys.
If the officer says, “You are NOT under arrest and are free to leave.” Count your blessings and move along.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 5 – Should I do the field sobriety exercises?
(The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test or “pen test”; the Walk and Turn or “walk-the-line”; and the one leg stand)
No. Understand the sobriety exercises, like the walk and turn and the one leg stand, are more akin to coordination exercises. There are people who would never be able to do such tests. Such people should always refuse the tests. Other people, may be able to do well on the tests. Remember though that you are likely nervous, outside, in a parking lot (that may be sloped or uneven), with cars driving by and a police officer or two judging every move you make. In other words the awkward and unnatural nature of the tests become even more awkward and unnatural. Furthermore, the officer is looking for clues of impairment. He doesn’t tell you what those clues are. It would be similar to taking an exam where you didn’t know what materials the exam covered. If you had the choice to not take that exam, you wouldn’t and you do have the choice to refuse the coordination exercises.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 6 – Should I do the blood test?
No. You have the right to refuse the blood test. If you refuse the officer may go get a warrant to draw your blood. If the officer does than you must submit to the blood test. While blood warrants are becoming more common, officers don’t always get one. If they don’t, they can’t and won’t draw your blood.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 7 – Should I do the breath test?
No. While there is some merit to submitting to the breath tests, if you think the officer will get a warrant to draw your blood, it is easiest to remember to refuse everything. Unlike the blood test, the officer can’t force you to do a breath test.
Houston DWI Attorneys Tip No. 8 – But won’t my license be suspended if I don’t submit to the breath or blood test?
Maybe. Within 15 days of your arrest, your Houston DWI Attorneys can request a license revocation hearing contesting the suspension. Many times and contrary to what the officer told you, your license is not suspended.
Street Lawyer
Criminal Defense Lawyer – Street Lawyer
10 Street Commandments
1) I will ask “Am I free to leave?”
2) If I am free to leave, I will leave.
3) If I am not free to leave, I will ask “Am I being detained?”
4) If I am detained, I will ask “Am I under arrest?”
5) If I am detained or under arrest I will remain silent.
6) I will refuse all searches (including field sobriety exercises, breath, blood tests, etc.).
7) I will request to see a warrant.
8) I will request an attorney.
9) I will be polite, but firm and not fall victim to police intimidation or deception.
10) I will record.
Street Cheatsheet
The Myth Surrounding Miranda
As a criminal lawyer, a common client remark is “…I wasn’t read my rights.” Contrary to popular belief the truth is the officer only has to read you your rights if: (1) you have been placed under arrest, AND (2) you are about to be questioned for a crime. For example, if you consent to a search, drugs are found, and you are arrested, police do not need to read you your rights. Any additional information you volunteer can and will be used against you.
The courts have made clear that police do not have to tell you about your right to refuse searches. Also, an officer does not need to get your consent to search in writing; oral consent is completely valid.
Fortunately you understand this. In the example above you refused to allow the search and asked the officer if you are under arrest. After being told you are being detained, you told the officer, “I refuse to answer any questions without my attorney present.”
Read more about Miranda.
Drug Dogs:
The Supreme Court ruled that police do not need reasonable suspicion to use drug dogs to sniff a vehicle during a legitimate traffic stop.
Police can walk a drug dog around the vehicle during any legitimate traffic stop. If the dog signals that it smells drugs, police then have probable cause to conduct a search.
However, and this is a big however, the police are not allowed to detain you indefinitely while waiting for drug dogs to arrive. That Supreme Court held a detention of 7-8 minutes to wait for a drug dog to arrive violated the fourth amendment.
Basically, if police can’t bring a dog to the scene in the time it takes to run your tags and write a ticket, the use of the dog becomes constitutionally suspect. So if you’re pulled over and police threaten to call in the dogs, do not give in and consent to a search. By the time the drug dog arrives, it will have been an unreasonable detention in violation of the fourth amendment and your lawyers can suppress any unlawfully obtained evidence.